AUTOMIC PRIVATE IP ADDRESSING (APIPA)

APIPA-

             ( AUTOMATIC PRIVATE IP ADDRESSING  IS A ADDRESSING) FEATURE FOR SINGLE NETWORK  SEGMENT. WHENEVER A COMPUTER RUNNING WINDOWS HAS BEEN CONFIGURED  OBTAIN ON IP ADDRESS AUTOMATICALLY AND WHEN D.H.C.P.  OR ETHERNET CONFIGURATION

IS AVAILABLE THE COMPUTER USES APIPA TO ASSIGN IN THE  RANGE  OF 

169.254.0.1 TO 169.254.255.254

PRIVATE ADDRESS

1.ACCORDING TO RFC-1918


2.ORGANIZATIONS MAKE USE OF THE PRIVATE INTERNET ADDRESS SPACE FOR HOSTS THAT REQUIRE IP CONNECTVITY 
WITH IN THEIR ENTERPRISE NETWORK BUT DO NOT  REQUIRE EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS TO THE GLOBAL INTERNET


3.CLASS A: 10.0.0.0

4.CLASS B :172.16.0.0,172.31.0.0

5CLASS C :192.168.0.0,192.168.255.0



SOME FULL FORMS-
                  RFC=REQUEST FORM COMMENTS
                  AWG=AMERICAN WIRED GAUGE
                  

MAKE CROSS CABLE

CROSS CABLE USED FOR SAME USED

(@).COMPUTER TO COMPUTER, SWITCH TO SWITCH, ROUTER TO ROUTER



1.ORANGE/WHITE          1.GREEN/WHITE
2.ORANGE                        2.GREEN
3.GREEN/WHITE             3.ORANGE/WHITE
4.BLUE                              4.BLUE
5.BLUE/WHITE                5.BLUE/WHITE
6.GREEN                           6.ORANGE
7.BROWN/WHITE            7.BROWN/WHITE
8.BROWN                           8.BROWN

MAKE STRAIGHT CABLE

U.T.P. (UNSHEILED TWISTED PAIR CABLE)-
                                                                               
USED- COMPUTER TO SWITCH , SWITCH TO ROUTER , ROUTER TO SWITCH




1. ORANGE/WHITE          1.ORANGE/WHITE
2.ORANGE                         2.ORANGE
3.GREEN/WHITE              3.GREEN/WHITE
4.BLUE                               4.BLUE
5.BLUE/WHITE                 5.BLUE/WHITE
6.GREEN                            6.GREEN
7.BROWN/WHITE             7.BROWN/WHITE 
8.BROWN                           8.BROWN

BROADCAST ADDRESS

1. BROADCAST GOES TO EVERY HOST WITH A PARTICULAR NETWORK ID NUMBER


2.AN IP ADDRESS THAT ENDS WITH BINARY  IS  IN  ALL HOST BITS IS RESERVED FOR THE  DIRECTED BROADCAST ADDRESS


3.AN IP ADDRESS WITH BINARY IS IN  ALL NETWORK BITS IS RESERVED FOR THE LOCAL BROADCAST ADDRESS

NETWORK ADDRESS

1.NETWORK ADDRESS PROVIDE A CONVENIENT  WAY TPO REFER TO ALL OF THE ADDRESS  ON A PARTICULAR  NETWORK  OR SUBNETWORK


2.TWO HOSTS WITH DEFFERING NETWORK  ADDRESS REQUIRE A DEVICE TYPICALLY  ROUTER IN ORDER TO COMMUNICATE 


3. AN IP ADDRESS THAT ENDS WITH BINARY IN ALL HOST BITS IS RESERVED FOR THE NETWORK ADDRESS

IP ADDRESS CLASSES : SUMMARY

1. 1.0.0.0-127.0.0.0 :CLASS A


2. 127.0.0.0 : LOOP BACK ADAPTER

3. 128.0.0.0 -191.255.0.0 :CLASS B


4. 192.0.0.0-223.225.255.0 :CLASS C


5. 224.0.0.0 < 240.0.0.0 :CLASS D                                                                                (MULTICAST)


6. >=240.0.0.0      : CLASS E      (RESERVED)

CLASS C

1. THE FIRST 3 BITS OF A CLASS C ADDRESS IS ALWAYS 110

2.  THE FIRST THREE OCTES TO IDENTIFY THE NETWORK PAST OF THE ADDRESS

3.POSSIBLE NETWORK ADDRESS FROM 192.0.0.0 T0 223.255.255.0

4.  THE  REMAINING LAST OCTES CAN BE USED FOR THE HOST PARTION OF THE ADDRESS

5.CLASS C NETWORK  HAVE UP TO 254 P0SSIBLE IP ADDRESS 

CLASS B

1. THE FIRST 2 BITS OF A CLASS B ADDRESS IS ALWAYS 10


2.THE FIRST TWO OCTES TO IDENTIFY THE NETWORK PAST OF THE ADDRESS


3.POSSIBLE NETWORK ADDRESS FROM 128.0.0.0 T0 191.255.0.0

4.THE REMAINING TWO OCTES CAN BE USED FOR THE HOST PARTION OF THE ADDRESS 

5.CLASS B NETWORK HAVE UP 65.534 POSSIBLE IP ADDRESS

IP ADDRESS CLASSES :A

1.THE FIRST BIT OF A ADDRESS IS ALWAYS 0

2. THE FIRST 8 BITS TO IDENTIFY  THE NETWORK PAST OF THE ADDRESS 

3.POSSIBLE NETWORK ADDRESS FROM 
1.0.0.0 TO 127.0.0.0


4. THE REMAINING THREE OCTES CAN BE USED FOR THE HOST PARTION  OF THE N ETWORK

5. EACH CLASS A NETWORK HAVE UP TO
16,7,77,214 POSSIBLE IP ADDRESS

DIFFERENT CLASS ADDRESS RESERVE

1.DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF BITS FOR THE NETWORK  AND HOST PARTIONS 


2.PROVIDE THE FLEXIBILITY  REQUIRED TO SUPPORT  DIFFERENT  SIZE NETWORK

IP ADDRESS CLASSES

BITS ON THE IP ADDRESS :-

1.NETWORK BITS:-

                                                                           1. IDENTIFIES NETWORK ID

                                      2. IDENTIFIES CLASS OF THE IP ADDRESS 

                                      3. ALL OF BITS  ARE 0: NOT ALLOWED 

2.HOST BITS:-

                             1. IDENTIFIES HOST ID

                             2.ALL  OF BITS ARE 0:RESERVED FOR NETWORK ADDRESS

                             3.ALL OF BITS ARE 1: RESERVED FOR BROADCAST ADDRES

HOST ID :-

1. ASSIGNED BY A NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR


2. IDENTIFIES  THE SPECIFIC DEVICE ON THAT NETWORK 

NETWORK ID :-

1. ASSIGNED BY INTERNET NETWORK INFORMATION CENTER

2.ASSIGNED BY UPPER ORGANIZATION


3. IDENTIFIES THE NETWORK TO WHICH A DEVICE IS ATTACHED

IP ADDRESS & SUBNETTING

IP ADDRESS-
                       1. NETWORK LAYER ADDRESS ARE 32  BITS LONG
                     
                        2.THE ARE PRESENTED AS FOUR OCTCTS IN DOTTED DECIMAL FORMAT
                          3.THE IP ADDRESS HAS TWO COMPONENTS  NETWORK ID AND HOST ID 
                          

Class A-   1 To 126    ( 127 loop act adapter)
Class B-   128 To 191 (192 loop act adapter)
Class C-   193 To 223 
Class D- 225  To  255

LSB- LEAST SIGNIFICATION BIT




MSB-MOST SIGNIFICATION BIT




LOOP ACT ADAPTER-LAN CARD                                                                                TESTING

IP ADDRESS 2 TYPE
                             1.IPV4  (32 BIT)

                                                      2.IPV6    (128 BIT)
  

TYPE OF IP ADDRESS

IP ADDRESS-
                       1. NETWORK ADDRESS
 2.HOST ADDRESS


                         

3.PROXY SERVER

1.ISOLUTS INTERNAL NETWORK COMPUTERS FROM THE INTERNET


2.THE USER FIRST ACCESS THE INTERNET AND RETRIEVES THE REQUESTED WEB PAGE OR DOCUMENT THE USER THEN GETS A COPY OF THAT PAGE FROM THE PROXY SERVER

2 GATEWAY

1.CONNECT NETWORK WITH DIFFRENT PROTOCOL LIKE TCP/IP NETWORK AND IPX/SPX NETWORK

2.ROUTERS AND GATEWAYS OFTEN REFER TO THE SAME DEVICE